6/1/2023 0 Comments Soccer spirits tier list 2019It is the leading cause of death for persons age 15–49 years worldwide ( Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2016) and is a carcinogen for which there is no safe level of consumption ( Connor, 2017). Yet there is a strong public health interest in those environments as well: Alcohol use causes 3.3 million deaths per year worldwide, is the seventh leading cause of global death and disability, and is a component cause of more than 200 disease and injury conditions ( World Health Organization, 2014). Given the importance of these environments in shaping patterns and volume of alcohol consumption, those who stand to profit from alcohol consumption, particularly the largest producers and distributors of alcoholic beverages, play a significant role in shaping the alcohol consumption environment ( Jernigan, 2009). The promotion of alcohol, its availability through retail and on-premise purchase, and its pricing create “alcohol environments” that are strongly associated with health consequences ( Babor et al., 2010). I n 2017, according to the market research provider Euromonitor, global retail sales of alcohol were estimated to be worth more than $1.5 trillion ( Euromonitor International, 2018).
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